Beleške

Fieldfare Turdus pilaris

In wide vicinty of Jagodina, Fieldfare is common winter visitor. The numerous of trush is in direct relationship from winter coldness and snowing. In winter 2008/09 and 2009/10 was very numerous. Like others winter visitors and Fieldfare was numerous during coldness and snowing winters, like winter 2008/09 and 2009/10. Often flocks 10-50 birds was observed in orchards, vineyards and grassy habitats. In this paper, I presented some interesting obsevration of Fieldfare and data about his diet. On 15 Feb 2009, I was observe flock over 30 birds on short grassy habitat near Belica river in the suburb of Jagodina. The birds was foraging insects and earth worms in horse dung and in the ground. On this occasion, I was collected 24 extrements (feces). Collected material contents c.150 seeds of Rosa sp., little hitin remains from the coleopters, earth worms and larvae. The seeds come from earlier feast probable from nearby Đurđevo brdo there have many shrubs of Rosa sp. and there were observed often flocks of Fieldfare. On 7 Jan 2010, I was collected 33 extrements on the snow on Đurđevo brdo, and all contents seeds of the Rosa sp.; on 7 Feb. 2010, I was observed flock approx. 250-300 ind. on the snow, on the city depony, and this time again, all collected material of extrements was red and contents the seeds of Rosa sp.; on 14 Feb. in the town, I observed flock of c.20 birds, eating by rosa fruits on one bush of Rosa canina; on 22 Feb. 2010, in Panjevački rit (EP17), north from Jagodina, migratory flock approx. 400 ind. foraging on muddy field in a company of approx. 300 Starlings Sturnus vulgaris. The birds was eat earth worms. Meantime, I was analysed feces of Black Bird Turdus merula. Collected material contents seeds of Crataegus monogyna and Ligustrum vulgare and very little Rosa sp. Fieldfare is frugivore and seed disperser but and invertebrate feeding species.

Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros

In October 2007 I was heard autumnal song of Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros. The observations took place in the Jagodina town (C Serbia) (UTM EP17) where this species since 1990s is regular breeder with territorial density 10,6/km² [Stanković, B. (2007): Gustine teritorija obične crvenrepke Phoenicurus phoenicurus i crne crvenrepke Ph. ochruros u Jagodini. – Ciconia 16: 46-48].  According to personal observation, Black Redstart singing through the entire breeding season and longer. After short time pause of singing in September 2007, singing was continued during 10 days in October. Song heard and two males observed every morning from 9 to 12 Oct and only one male singing again from 15 to 19, both perching on top of two buildings in same street in town centre. After 19 Oct, raining days started and no sign of male. During my study territorial density in the breeding season 2007, from this localities, and next 2008, I observed a territorial males. Like in the Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus, also in the Black Redstart the territorial activities in autumn could enhance next year’s breeding success [Vogrin, M. (2002): Autumnal singing and territoriality in Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus. – Ornis Svecica 12. 95-96]. This is the first record of autumnal song of Black Redstart in Serbia.

Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius

Breeding population of Little Ringed Plover in Serbia is estimated about 900-1200 pairs (Middle Serbia 600-900p.), with a continuing decline estimated to be 1-20% [Puzović, S., et al., (2003): Ptice Srbije i Crne Gore – veličine gnezdilišnih populacija i trendovi: 1990-2002. – Ciconia 12: 35-120]. In the Middle Veliko Pomoravlje, Little Ringed Plover is unnumerous breeder of Velika Morava river: natural and artificial gravelled areas, gravel banks, river islands, sandbars and gravel pits and reservoirs in foreland of V.Morava river. In this paper I presented five breeding sites in the period 2002-2008 on Velika Morava river and treatment which affected on breeding success. 1) left bank of V. Morava river between the villages Ribare and Krušar (UTM EP27), in July 2002, one pair was breeding on gravel. On 28 July, I found 3 nestlings. On 29 July, hard mechanisation from nearby gravel pit was destroy this habitat; 2) gravel pit on the left bank of V. Morava river, opposite side from mouth of river of Lugomir (EP27), about 400m from breeding spot in 2002. In May 2005, I was observed two breeding pairs. On 22 May, I founded nest with one egg. Nest was situated 2m from road for gravel trasport. During my next visit on 29 May, egg was abandoned because constant (permanent) disturbance. From second pair, nest didn’t found; 3) Between V. Morava river and reservoir Lake Predor near village Končarevo (EP27), 7km east from Jagodina, in May 2006, on 4m high bank 2 pairs were breeding and 2 pairs on river island in neighborhood (4). On 26 May, on the bank of Lake Predor, I observe adults with about 5 days old youngs; 5) In only known colony of Common Tern on V.Morava (c.26 pairs), near village Čepure (EP25, Mun.Paraćin), 15 Jun 2008 on smaller of two islands, I founded 5 nests with 1-3 eggs per nest.  However, on 24 Jun, hard mechanisation from nearby gravel pit was destroy all mixed colony of Common Tern and Little Ringed Plover. I sopose that a general number of breeding pairs of Little Ringed Plover in colony were 10-12, including and biger island. I identified three possible breeding sites (birds observed in breeding period, May-Jun 2008): Bagrdan’s gorge (EP18), near wire bridge on the V.Morava-gravel bank (1pair); gravel pit on the left bank near village Bagrdan (EP18) – 2pair; right long gravel bank and river islands near village Predor (EP27) - 3-4 pairs; river island under railway bridge on V.Morava, west from town of Ćuprija (1 pair). During this research, breeding was confirmed for 17-19 pairs and possible breeding 7-8 pairs. Threats and limiting factors for breeding success and population decline caused by: loss of breeding habitat (exploitation of river gravel, vegetation overgrowth-rapid vegetation succession), uncontrolled human disturbance and nests destroyed (vehicles, hunters, fishermans, dogs and corvids).

Crvenoglavi svračak Lanius senator

Na lokaciji Lipar (EP17), koja predstavlja pobrđe Crnog vrha (707m) i nalazi se severno od Jagodine, 8.05.2011. tokom popodnevnih časova posmatran je par crvenoglavih svračaka Lanius senator. Par se uglavnom zadržavao na oko 2,5m visokoj gustoj žbunastoj formaciji graba Carpinus betula a plen je uglavnom lovio na susednoj njivi pod mladim kukuruzom. Mužjak je povremeno pravio kraće izlete po lovnoj teritoriji do 100-ak m u poluprečniku. Međutim, tokom narednih izlazaka 11, 22, 29.05. i 12.06. i obilaska ove lokacije i šire okoline, crvenoglavi svračak više nije posmatran. Već 11.05. na ovom mestu je posmatran par rusih svračaka Lanius collurio koji se tu i gnezdio, kao i prethodnih godina. Inače, na Liparu se gnezdi gusta populacija rusih svračaka. Zastupljeni su otvoreni i poluotvoreni tereni, agrobiocenoze (oranice i livade) sa ivičnom žbunastom vegetacijom od trnjine Prunus spinosa, kupine Rubus discolor  i gloga Crataegus monogyna, odlična staništa za gnežđenje obe vrste svračaka. Ovo je tek drugo posmatranje crvenoglavog svračka za prethodnih 20-ak godina. Jedan mužjak je posmatran 15.04.1985. u visokom žbunju u ataru sela Bunar u Levačkoj kotlini (Stanković, 2000). Postoji mogućnost da se par crvenoglavih svračaka gnezdio u široj okolini Jagodine.